Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These behaviours can make it difficult for individuals with ADHD to focus, stay organised, and control their impulses, which can impact daily functioning, including work, study, relationships, and self-care.

While the exact cause of ADHD isn't fully understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic factors, brain structure, and environmental influences. People with ADHD may also have other co-occurring conditions, such as anxiety or depression. With proper treatment, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments, individuals with ADHD can lead productive and fulfilling lives.

Types of ADHD

ADHD can be classified into three types, based on the specific symptoms exhibited:

• Inattentive type: Individuals primarily struggle with attention and focus. They may become easily distracted, forgetful, and have trouble following through with tasks.
• Hyperactive-impulsive type: Individuals primarily display hyperactivity and impulsive behaviours. This may include fidgeting, interrupting others, or acting without thinking.
• Combined type: Individuals show symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Signs and symptoms of ADHD

The signs of ADHD vary from person to person but generally include:

• Inattention: Difficulty staying focused, forgetfulness, becoming easily distracted, and trouble organising tasks.
• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, fidgeting, or an inability to stay seated. Individuals may seem to be constantly on the go.
• Impulsivity: Making hasty decisions without thinking, interrupting others, or difficulty waiting one's turn.

Children with ADHD may have trouble sitting still in class, completing homework, and following instructions, while adults may struggle with managing work tasks, maintaining relationships, and staying organised.

The impact of ADHD

ADHD can significantly affect an individual's quality of life, especially if left untreated:

• Academic and work challenges: Difficulty staying focused and organised can lead to problems in school or at work. Deadlines may be missed, and tasks can feel overwhelming.
• Relationship difficulties: Impulsivity and inattention can strain relationships with family, friends, and colleagues.
• Low self-esteem: Individuals with ADHD may struggle with feelings of inadequacy or frustration, especially when they are criticised or have difficulty meeting expectations.
• Co-occurring mental health conditions: People with ADHD are at higher risk of developing anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges due to the stress and difficulties associated with managing the condition.

How to manage and treat ADHD

ADHD can be effectively managed through a combination of treatments:

• Medication: Stimulant medications like methylphenidate or amphetamines are commonly prescribed to help manage symptoms of ADHD. Non-stimulant medications can also be used in some cases.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals develop strategies for managing symptoms, improving organisation, and addressing any negative thought patterns.
• Lifestyle changes: Establishing a regular routine, staying organised, and incorporating exercise and healthy eating can all support better focus and reduce hyperactivity. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques can also be beneficial.
• Support networks: Support from family, friends, and ADHD support groups can provide encouragement and understanding. It can be helpful for family members to learn about the condition and how to offer support.

How we can help

If you or someone you know is struggling with ADHD, help is available. We offer assessments for both children and adults, and our Registered Psychologist Alicia has immediate availability. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in managing symptoms and improving outcomes. With appropriate support, people with ADHD can successfully manage the condition and lead fulfilling lives.