Depression

What is depression?

Depression is a common yet serious mental health condition characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities that once brought joy. It affects the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves, and can interfere with daily life, including work, relationships, and everyday tasks. Depression can impact anyone, regardless of age, background, or lifestyle, and often requires treatment to manage effectively. The exact cause of depression is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. With the right treatment, including therapy, medication, and support, people with depression can lead fulfilling lives.

Types of depression

Depression is generally classified into several types, including:

• Major depressive disorder (MDD): This is the most common form of depression, characterised by persistent feelings of sadness or a lack of interest in daily activities. It can affect sleep, appetite, and energy levels, often lasting for at least two weeks.
• Persistent depressive disorder (PDD): Also known as dysthymia, this type involves long-term (chronic) depression, where symptoms may not be as severe as major depression, but they last for at least two years or more.
• Bipolar disorder: As discussed previously, this condition includes periods of depression mixed with periods of extreme mood swings (mania or hypomania).
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): This type of depression occurs at certain times of the year, often during the colder months when there is less sunlight, and is linked to changes in seasons.

Signs and symptoms of depression

The signs and symptoms of depression can vary from person to person but typically include:

• Emotional symptoms: Persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, irritability, or excessive guilt.
• Physical symptoms: Fatigue, changes in sleep patterns (either insomnia or oversleeping), weight changes, or unexplained aches and pains.
• Cognitive symptoms: Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things. Thoughts of death or suicide are also serious symptoms of depression.

People experiencing depression may also lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, including hobbies or socialising with friends and family.

The impact of depression

Depression can significantly impact various aspects of life:

• Work and daily functioning: Depression can lead to poor concentration, decreased energy, and difficulty maintaining work or daily routines.
• Relationships: The feelings of isolation, irritability, and emotional numbness associated with depression can strain relationships with family, friends, and colleagues.
• Physical health: Chronic depression can weaken the immune system, leading to frequent illness. Additionally, the lack of motivation to care for oneself can exacerbate health problems.
• Substance use: Some individuals with depression may turn to alcohol or drugs as a way of coping with their symptoms, which can worsen the condition.
• Suicidal thoughts or actions: One of the most serious effects of depression is suicidal ideation or actions. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, it is vital to seek help immediately.

How to manage and treat depression

Depression can be effectively managed with a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.

A comprehensive treatment plan may include:

• Medication: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed to help regulate the brain chemicals involved in mood regulation. These medications can take several weeks to show results, and it’s important to work closely with a healthcare professional to find the right one.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), and other forms of therapy can help individuals identify and address the negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to depression.
• Lifestyle changes: Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are essential in managing depression. Staying physically active, even with a short walk, can release endorphins that help improve mood.
• Support networks: Emotional support from friends, family, or support groups can play an essential role in recovery. Sometimes just knowing you're not alone in the experience can make a big difference.
• Coping strategies: Learning effective coping strategies, such as mindfulness, journaling, or relaxation techniques, can help individuals manage stress and emotions.

How we can help

If you or someone you care about is experiencing depression, support is available. Our team of experienced psychologists is here to help. With a compassionate approach, our psychologists provide personalised therapy to assist in managing the symptoms of depression. They work closely with you to develop effective coping strategies, address negative thought patterns, and guide you towards emotional stability.